Queues in Python
Sun May 4 12:38:56 2008
I hadn't needed a queue in python before. Yesterday I needed one and I wanted to check the standard library for the implementation of a queue. I ran into a nice webpage: FIFO as single linked lists.
Python offer the pop(0) method of standard list to implement fifo. Unfortunately lists pop(0) operation need to perform a copy of the whole content of the list, this is quite inefficient if you need to store a large set of data.
Thus you should not implement a queue doing pop(0) to a list (unless you have just a few elements). This implementation has N^2 running time!:
#!/usr/bin/python LIMIT = 10000000 f = list() for i in xrange(LIMIT): f.append(i) while len(f): f.pop(0)
The right way to do it nowadays is:
#!/usr/bin/python from collections import deque LIMIT = 10000000 q = deque() for i in xrange(LIMIT): q.appendleft(i) while len(q): q.pop()
In the webpage FIFO as single linked lists I found a very nice implementation and it runs almost as fast as the previous implementation reversing and copying only once, later I will show an example where the performance is much worse. Amortized algorithms are really pretty. What I liked of this example is that I hadn't seen a class inheriting from list before. This example also shows how you can implement a queue by using a single linked list (or a stack).
#!/usr/bin/python
# Code written by Jeremy Fincher
class ListSubclassFifo(list):
__slots__ = ('back',)
def __init__(self):
self.back = []
def enqueue(self, elt):
self.back.append(elt)
def dequeue(self):
if self:
return self.pop()
else:
self.back.reverse()
self[:] = self.back
self.back = []
return self.pop()
LIMIT = 10000000
f = ListSubclassFifo()
for i in xrange(LIMIT):
f.enqueue(i)
while len(f):
f.dequeue()
If you change the test, then deque is much faster than ListSubclassFifo. A hint:
f = ListSubclassFifo()
for i in xrange(LIMIT/5):
for j in xrange(5):
f.enqueue(i)
for j in xrange(5):
f.dequeue()
Conclusion: use deque.
Discussion (3)interview-cuda-cpu-gpus
Fri May 2 15:52:06 2008
I'm very curious about processing with GPUs. CUDA seems to be a very nice implementation available from Nvidia. This is a rather new technology.
I found a nice interview and here are some parts of it:
... GPUs and CPUs are very different. If you built a hybrid of the two, it would do both kinds of tasks poorly instead of doing both well
our next products will support double precision
The bigger picture is going to be that when CUDA tools arrive that allow you to write regular CUDA code that runs on the CPU as well as the GPU. Then it does run everywhere and we can start adding GPUs or CPU cores to increase performance
What Intel does well is not just building good CPUs, it's the fact that they're a vertically integrated manufacturing company - Intel's in the business of turning sand into money
I think that if we were to compete with Intel, we would need to become a vertically integrated company and have our own fabs
We have to keep an eye on Intel's Ct for multi-cores, too.
I'd like to do something with CUDA next year.
DiscussionDebugging STL code with GDB
Fri May 2 02:46:33 2008
I wanted to debug a small C++ program that uses the STL. I didn't know how to look into STL vectors and I really wanted to do it. I tried with Eclipse and I didn't like to use a GUI. Not just because I stay away from GUIs but because it was not helpful for inspecting STL objects. It seems there is an extension for that. If you know about it please let me know.
Almost every time I try a GUI to debug a program I end up using vim and GDB again. I guess I'll use a GUI when I need it, but today is not that day.
I wanted to know how to debug using GDB so I searched the WEB for tips and I found two of them to be interesting.
First, there is a nice collection of GDB scripts updated for GCC 3.3 and GCC 3.4. I couldn't get them to work and I would get this error:
me@host:~/gdb_stl_utils$ gdb GNU gdb 6.8-debian (cut...) This GDB was configured as "i486-linux-gnu". /home/me/.gdbinit:1: Error in sourced command file: /home/me/.gdb/gdb_stl_utils:21: Error in sourced command file: The address where /home/me/.gdb/StlStdContainers.o has been loaded is missing.
So, I didn't use them today. Anyway, I am starting to discover how powerful GDB is. I guess I will need to use the scripting facilities of GDB someday.
Fortunately, this message saved my day. It is nice to be able to call functions from GDB. The idea is to code a custom function that allows you to print what you want to inspect.
So, I just used the following functions.
void
dump (const vector <string> &v)
{
int c = 0;
for(vector<string>::const_iterator i(v.begin()); i != v.end(); ++i)
cerr << '[' << (c++) << ']' << " => \"" << *i << "\"" << endl;
}
void
dump (const string &s)
{
cerr << "\"" << s << "\"" << endl;
}
And this is a sample session:
me@host:~work$ gdb ./a.out GNU gdb 6.8-debian Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i486-linux-gnu"... (gdb) list 118 113 { 114 cerr << "space:" << i << " "; 115 loop(j,space[i].size()) 116 cerr << " " << space[i][j]; 117 cerr << endl; 118 } 119 120 int m = 51; 121 122 loop(i, space[0].size()) (gdb) break 120 Breakpoint 1 at 0x80492ff: file MatchString.cpp, line 120. (gdb) run Starting program: ~/work/a.out 0 => TIK 1 => PPPO 2 => OP space:0 0 space:1 3 space:2 1
Now comes the interesting part:
Breakpoint 1, MatchString::placeWords (this=0xbfe49633, matchString=@0xbfe495f0,
matchWords=@0xbfe495e4) at MatchString.cpp:120
120 int m = 51;
(gdb) call dump(MatchString)
A syntax error in expression, near `)'.
(gdb) call dump(matchString)
"TOP"
(gdb) call dump(matchWords)
[0] => "TIK"
[1] => "PPPO"
[2] => "OP"
(gdb)I liked this simple method. I think I will use it for simple programs. It is nice to know that you can modify the dump function and have it print data structures using ranges. It also works with nested structures.
I'd like to ask the following question:
- How do you inspect objects when using the STL?
knuth-interview
Sat Apr 26 00:52:54 2008
This is a nice interview with Don Knuth:
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1193856
I know that important applications for parallelism exist–rendering graphics, breaking codes, scanning images, simulating physical and biological processes, etc. But all these applications require dedicated code and special-purpose techniques, which will need to be changed substantially every few years.
When reading it remember that he only cares about fundamental stuff, not about trends.
I currently use Ubuntu Linux, on a standalone laptop–it has no Internet connection. I occasionally carry flash memory drives between this machine and the Macs that I use for network surfing and graphics; but I trust my family jewels only to Linux.
No Internet in his computer. I really understand how this works. I really love how this guy does things in batch. Reading articles of the same subject in batch is a very good thing to do.
On the other hand, I willingly put myself in God's hands with respect to how much more I'll be able to do before cancer or heart disease or senility or whatever strikes.
He has accomplished a lot and he still wants to accomplish more. I've noticed that a lot of people I know start thinking they are too old for anything when they are 30!
Almost every biography of every person whom you would like to emulate will say that he or she did many things against the "conventional wisdom" of the day.
This interview is a very good thing to read.
compressed-swap
Tue Apr 22 14:20:28 2008
Today I noticed this project: compcache:Compressed Caching for Linux.
It allows you to specify an amount of RAM that will be used as a swap device, with compressed pages.
This is a trend that we will start seeing, at least while fast cheap persistent storage becomes common.
If I test this soon in a small device I'll post the results.
caffeine
Wed Apr 9 09:03:05 2008
I've been working a lot lately. I am quite happy because I managed to cut down caffeine intake (almost to zero). I sleep well most of the time (I need 8/9 hours to feel OK).
Now when I drink some coffee I feel it tastes very good but there is a downside: When I drink caffeine (even if it is just a little) I cannot fall asleep easily. when I was used to it I could even drink a Coke before going to sleep. Sometimes you read that a little caffeine is good for your health but I guess that now that I don't drink it I will not be able to drink any.
growing-a-language
Wed Apr 2 00:08:34 2008
This is a good thing to watch:
- Video
- http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8860158196198824415
- Talk
- http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs655/readings/steele.pdf
This guy is quite a geek. In his talk he speaks with short words. I wish I could do that here.
I tried to write very short words in this post but it is very hard. There are many English words that have just one syllable. In Spanish most simple words have more than one.
gcc4.3
Fri Mar 14 03:25:54 2008
Estuve leyendo los cambios en GCC 4.3 y hay varias cosas interesantes.
- macro __COUNTER__
- para generar identificadores únicos.
- Integración con la librería MPFR
- Lo que hace innecesario definir constantes como COSENO_30 para evitar el llamado a la función cos.
- -Warray-bounds
- opción para chequear algunos desbordamientos de buffers (no es posible chequearlos todos).
- Constantes binarias
- Como 0b1100, las había querido usar antes. Creo hace muchos años las usaba en Borland C++.
- Soporte experimental para el modo paralelo
- Esto se ve interesante para probar.
Nota personal:
- Probar std::accumulate en C++.
No Country for Old Men
Fri Mar 14 02:51:16 2008
I think watching the movie No Country for Old Men was a good experience. Destiny, Luck, Free will, etc are always good topics for a movie.
Links:
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Fri Mar 14 02:36:23 2008
I really liked the movie Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. I'll will never visit a barber! :-)
I'll give it 10/10.
Links:
verbose-diffs
Wed Mar 5 20:07:29 2008
I find this command useful:
svn diff --diff-cmd=diff -x -U10
Sometimes having more lines of unified context is very useful. For instance, when you're trying to merge some -and not all- the code by hand from a branch. I am somehow used to reading patches in diff format. Note that this is not subversion specific, the important command is diff.
This is an example of the results:
Using svn diff, you get:
Index: sendsend.c
===================================================================
--- sendsend.c (revision 602)
+++ sendsend.c (working copy)
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sched.h>
/* netcat -u is dying when the remote UDP port is not listening */
@@ -23,7 +24,14 @@
struct timeval tv;
int retval;
char buf[LEN];
+ struct sched_param param;
+ param.sched_priority = 30;
+ if(sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, ¶m)==-1){
+ perror("sched_setscheduler failed");
+ }
+
+
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr,"options: hostname port\n");
exit(1);
@@ -50,7 +58,7 @@
FD_SET(0, &rfds);
tv.tv_sec = 0;
- tv.tv_usec = 100000; /* 100 ms */
+ tv.tv_usec = 500000; /* 1/2 sec */
retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
Using svn diff --diff-cmd=diff -x -U10, you get:
Index: sendsend.c
===================================================================
--- sendsend.c (revision 602)
+++ sendsend.c (working copy)
@@ -1,35 +1,43 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sched.h>
/* netcat -u is dying when the remote UDP port is not listening */
#define LEN 512
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in their_addr;
struct hostent *he;
int numbytes;
fd_set rfds;
struct timeval tv;
int retval;
char buf[LEN];
+ struct sched_param param;
+
+ param.sched_priority = 30;
+ if(sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, ¶m)==-1){
+ perror("sched_setscheduler failed");
+ }
+
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr,"options: hostname port\n");
exit(1);
}
if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) {
perror("gethostbyname");
exit(1);
}
@@ -43,21 +51,21 @@
their_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr);
memset(their_addr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof their_addr.sin_zero);
while (1)
{
FD_ZERO(&rfds);
FD_SET(0, &rfds);
tv.tv_sec = 0;
- tv.tv_usec = 100000; /* 100 ms */
+ tv.tv_usec = 500000; /* 1/2 sec */
retval = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (retval == -1)
{
if (errno != EINTR)
{
perror("select");
exit(1);
}
You might find this a little exaggerated but I found this useful while integrating some changes by hand from a branched source.
Links:
Observando Acontecimientos Politicos
Wed Mar 5 06:04:51 2008
Estos días he estado mirando páginas y escuchando diferentes fuentes que enlazo al final de esta entrada. Y no es para menos. Es el incidente internacional más importante y grave que he vivido últimamente en Colombia.
A manera de resumen, presento algunas conclusiones (opiniones) resumidas:
Políticas:
- Con el ataque a las FARC en territorio ecuatoriano.
- Colombia gana por el golpe a las FARC y por la evidencia recolectada.
- Colombia pierde con la entrada a Ecuador al violar tratados internacionales.
- Toca esperar lo que pase en la OEA.
- Ya no hay dudas del apoyo de Chávez a las FARC.
- Los venezolanos no apoyan a Chávez (la mayoría no).
- Parece haber apoyo a las FARC en Ecuador también, desafortunadamente.
- El conflicto armado en Colombia ya no es solo interno.
- Las fuerzas armadas Colombianas se han fortalecido.
- La carrera armamentista (con otros países) no ayuda a nadie y Colombia necesita recursos para cambios de fondo. Las carreras armamentistas llevan a corrupción y a conflictos por conveniencia.
- El apoyo extranjero y logístico es clave para las FARC. Venezuela entrega armas.
- En Europa tienen una percepción muy extraña sobre las FARC.
- Sigue el problema de la guerra de guerrillas, potenciada por las nuevas tecnologías. No es legal que el gobierno diga mentiras, los ciudadanos lo condenan, pero para los ilegales se vale poner falsedades en Internet.
- Por el bien de la democracia de Colombia, esperemos no haya reelección de Uribe. Si quieren un candidato de ideas afines, pero no la misma persona.
- Uribe ha hecho bien no respondiendo insultos. Me da pena cuando hace parecer que Colombia es una finca. Toca darle un punto por eso.
- Chávez necesita y está buscando un presidente que pueda Controlar. Colombia es la piedra en el zapato para su proyecto de expansión de ideas afines a las de Cuba. Veremos una campaña presidencial con algún candidato apoyado con dineros de Venezuela (aunque no estoy tan seguro).
- El apoyo de EEUU es importante. Lástima que hayan entrado en Irak como lo hicieron.
- A Francia sólo le interesa Ingrid Betancourt, eso es lo que parece.
- Los secuestrados son mercancía para las ARC.
- Chávez coordinaba con las FARC en privado la estrategia antes de que se hicieran anuncios públicos de liberaciones. Las liberaciones eran para darle relevancia a Chávez
- A pesar de las bandas emergentes, actualmente hay menos violencia paramilitar. Se están conociendo cada vez más las atoricidades que los paramilitares han cometido.
- Colombia no desplaza tropas a la frontera por varias razones
- Para evitar alguna confrontación y por no seguirle la corriente a los vecinos
- Está ocupada combatiendo grupos insurgentes y delincuentes y no se puede distraer.
- Porque no ha pensado atacar a un país vecino y espera que lo que hay hasta el momento solo sea ruido.
- Y una razón bien importante es que lo que si desafortunadamente hay un ataque vecino, lo que más cuida es a Bogotá (somos un país centralista). De alguna forma se habrán preparado para una posible agresión que muchos consideran improbable (no lo van a decir hasta que no sea necesario).
Conclusiones logísticas:
- Hay que aprender a ignorar información y a leer sólo resúmenes.
- Hay que evitar foros. No importa que alguien esté equivocado en Internet (ya casi me voy a dormir).
- En algo me equivocaré, pero esa es mi opinión hoy (supongo que tal vez edite algo más tarde).
Los enlaces:
- Diarios y Revistas
- De Colombia
- Uno de Venezuela.
- Uno de España
- Uno de Ecuador.
- Blogs
- Gacetilla
- Noticieros
- De RCN
- De Caracol
- En menor medida, portales de internet que prefiero no enlazar, y no volver a leer.
- Un poco del debate en el congreso
- Noticias en Meneame (las veo para mirar algunos comentarios)
- http://meneame.net/story/ecuador-rompe-relaciones-colombia
- http://meneame.net/story/colombia-revela-documentos-involucran-chavez-farc
- http://meneame.net/story/francia-reconoce-raul-reyes-era-contacto-para-liberar-betancourt
- http://meneame.net/story/colombia-400-sindicalistas-asesinados-durante-gobierno-uribe
- http://meneame.net/story/colombia-disculpa-ante-ecuador-incursion-obligada-territorio
- http://meneame.net/story/chavez-ordena-envio-tropas-frontera-10-batallones-carros-combate-avion
pelicula-soy-leyenda
Tue Mar 4 16:20:48 2008
La película me gustó. Nada del otro mundo, pero tiene unos momentos de suspenso y acción interesantes. No se puede contar casi nada sin adelantar situaciones de la película.
Calificación : 7/10.
Enlaces:
- IMDB review
- Extraña reseña de Javier Moreno
- otras reseñas menos extrañas.
- Eekfun link
Thu Feb 28 02:21:25 2008
I like http://programming.reddit.com. You find a lot of silly discussions there, but there are many good ones, too. I think I got the link from Juan Manuel.
Links:
- Link to recommend reddit
- http://reddit.com/ Reddit's home (I don't follow this site).
The Prestige
Wed Feb 27 19:47:49 2008
I saw the Prestige. I liked this movie.
I'll give it an 8/10.
Links:
Diarios de Motocicleta
Wed Feb 27 19:29:02 2008
I saw Diarios de Motocicleta. I think it is a good movie.
I'll give it an 8/10.
Up with strtol
Tue Feb 19 02:44:47 2008
I just read a post via reddit bashing atoi(3).
Some time ago I wrote some example code for strtol(3) and I think it is not hard to use. I'd better use a wrapper to strtol(3) than using C++ and templates where they are not needed.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int base;
char *endptr, *str;
long val;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s str [base]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* the string that holds the number */
str = argv[1];
base = (argc > 2) ? atoi(argv[2]) : 10; /* ok, let's use atoi here :) */
errno = 0;
val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
/* check for errors */
if ((errno == ERANGE && (val == LONG_MAX || val == LONG_MIN))
|| (errno != 0 && val == 0)) {
perror("strtol");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (endptr == str) {
fprintf(stderr, "No digits were found\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* if we got here we have a number! */
printf("strtol() returned %ld\n", val);
if (*endptr != '\0') /* it doesn't have to be an error */
printf("Further characters after number: %s\n", endptr);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
Note that I use atoi(3) in the example just to make it simpler. My point is that if you want to use strtol, you might want to write a wrapper. You'll lose some functionality but there is no free lunch.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* a simple wrapper */
int
strtol_wrapper(char *str, long *result, int base)
{
char *endptr;
long val;
errno = 0;
val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
if (errno || endptr == str || *endptr)
return 1;
*result = val;
return 0;
}
/* this is a simpler example that only uses base 10 */
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
long val;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s str\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (strtol_wrapper(argv[1], &val, 10))
{
fprintf(stderr, "sorry, not a valid number\n");
/* perror("strtol"); */
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("our number is %ld\n", val);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
You could also make a wrapper to provide something similar to OpenBSD's strtonum(3).
If you find a bug, please leave a comment and I'll fix it ASAP.
Overview of HPC computing / Top500
Sun Feb 17 14:09:21 2008
This is a very nice talk : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTIKUxO9kf4.
A lot of software will be rewritten to take advantage of multi-core machines, and in this talk Jack Dongarra gives a nice example of how to keep more processors busy in a multi-core machine changing the algorithm. He also discusses the trends in the TOP500 benchmark, what it is, and its history. I didn't know that half of the entries get discarded every 6 months because new machines make it into the list!
He also talks about cell processors, the Blue Gene computer, self-tuning, fault tolerance, and many other interesting things.
A company from India made it in the top 10 of the TOP500 list. This is the same company that launched a U$2500 car recently.
Note for us eekfun users:
This link doesn't work yet, but it will soon : http://eekfun.com/youtube/zTIKUxO9kf4/#act-up. Once it works, we will be able to link to eekfun instead of youtube, the eekfun page will embed the video and allow us to check who else has written about the same video. Once it works, I'll update this post.
Simple usleep test of the PREEMPT_RT Realtime Linux Patches
Tue Feb 5 20:32:04 2008
I am happy with the PREEMPT_RT patches (Real-time Linux). I need a timer to execute a task every 40 milliseconds. The base for this the timer is usleep(3) (let's not use nanosleep(3)).
Here is the source code of the test. The idea is to sample 10000 calls to usleep to check how long they take without the patches, with the patches, and with the patches and real-time priority. All the tests are run as root.
We care about the worst case and we want a good average.
- Laptop without patches (Intel Celeron CPU / 1.80GHz / 3593.27 bogomips)
System idle
$ ./test max:13.684 min:2.02 avg:2.10364
$ ./test max:13.993 min:2.016 avg:2.08508
Worst case: missed abut 12 milliseconds.
Heavy load.
Let's make the system busy with 10 instances of yes > /dev/null &. This will be our definition for heavy load.
$ ./test max:24.141 min:2.016 avg:2.07188
$ ./test max:12.711 min:2.017 avg:2.06129
$ ./test max:12.665 min:2.016 avg:2.0828
Worst case: missed abut 22 milliseconds.
- Board with the patches (Geode(TM) Integrated Processor by AMD PCS / 500MHz / 1000.62 bogomips).
System idle (no real-time priority).
$ ./test max:2.197 min:2.026 avg:2.0406
$ ./test max:2.085 min:2.026 avg:2.04062
$ ./test max:2.22 min:2.026 avg:2.04087
Just using the patches helps a lot. This systems is by far slower and in the worst case we missed the deadline for 0.197 milliseconds (197 microseconds) – compare 0.197 to 22 miliseconds!
System busy (no real-time priority).
$ ./test max:2.998 min:2.027 avg:2.02964
$ ./test max:2.129 min:2.027 avg:2.02938
$ ./test max:2.101 min:2.027 avg:2.02945
$ ./test max:2.116 min:2.027 avg:2.02944
In the worst case we lost one millisecond.
System busy (real-time priority 10).
$ ./test 10 Using realtime priority: 10 max:2.043 min:2.027 avg:2.02842
$ ./test 10 Using realtime priority: 10 max:2.092 min:2.027 avg:2.02842
$ ./test 10 Using realtime priority: 10 max:2.043 min:2.027 avg:2.02842
In the worst case we missed 92 microseconds (about 0.1 milliseconds). Not bad at all for this CPU.
You should not use a RT priority above 50 because signals don't get delivered and a program waiting for a signal can lock the machine.
In the worst (real) case we missed 92 microseconds (0.092 milliseconds).
As you can see the PREEMPT_RT patch helps a lot. I won't have issues with the timer I need.
Links:
- http://rt.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Squarewave-example - This is a better test.
- Platforms tested and in use with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT.
- http://del.icio.us/arhuaco/preempt_rt
- Link to recommend this product
No Mas FARC / Que hablen los desmovilizados
Tue Feb 5 17:07:54 2008
No más FARC. Que hablen como desmovilizados, pero que no vuelvan a matar ni a secuestrar.
Me gustó ir ayer a la marcha. Estuve en la concentración de la 127, que aunque no tuvo mucho cubrimiento de los medios, también estuvo muy llena. Me sorprendió ver tantas personas en este punto de concentración.
Hace mucho tiempo no asistía a una marcha. Algo así como 10 años. Antes no se veían tantas cámaras como ahora. Se siente un poco incómodo, pero supongo que toca acostumbrarse.
Salvo una señora que tenía un escueto cartel a mano que decía "Adelante Presidente", el mensaje de la marcha, donde yo estuve, era claro: No más FARC. Algunos gritos contra Chávez, pero no tenían mucho eco. Me alegra haber asistido a la marcha.
Creo que muchas personas de diferentes creencias y opiniones se juntaron sin pelear, como pasó en la plaza de Bolívar. A pesar de lo que dicen las encuestas, con respecto al presidente actual, creo que muchos no deseamos una nueva re-elección.
Fue muy discutido el apoyo de Mancuso a la marcha en su sitio web. No me importa mucho lo que recomiende o no este personaje, pero creo que las críticas contra este apoyo tiene algo negativo.
La desmovilización de guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia (que desafortunadamente dista de ser perfecta) implica que estos sean recibidos por la sociedad y que puedan expresar sus opiniones abiertamente (como todos podemos). El que sean recibidos no implica que sean amados, pero se espera que vivan dentro de las normas de un estado de derecho.
Es mejor quejarnos porque Mancuso apoya la marcha en su sitio web, que enterarnos de que 20 manifestantes fueron cohibidos (o asesinados). Creo que acá hay un poco de progreso.
Creo que es mejor ver desmovilizados de las AUC marchando que matando gente. Creo que es mejor ver desmovilizados de las FARC marchando que secuestrando gente.
Creo que sería un gran avance leer, soportar, y criticar las ideas de las FARC en una página WEB que ver en televisión las pruebas de supervivencia (maltrato, tortura) que envían.
En Colombia hay fuentes (principales) fuentes de violencia:
- Militar
- Guerrillera
- Paramilitar
Esperemos que las cosas mejoren.
Last update: 2007-06-28 (Rev 11825)